Before we go to learn all about the
Tithi Pravesh, let us first know what Tithi is.
What is Tithi and how is it calculated?
Tithi is the Vedic date based on the
luni-solar calendar. It is measured on the basis of longitudes of the sun and
Moon. The Sun and Moon make angles as they move on. The total movement of these
two luminaries make 360° angle between them in a month. By dividing 360° by 30
(total days of a month) we get a measure of 12° called a Tithi. Therefore,
Tithi is a date that is derived by calculating the angular distance between the
Sun and Moon. As the angular distance increases at the measure of 12°, the next
tithi comes in.
There are 30 tithis (360°÷12°=30) in
total in a month. The tithis are grouped in two equal divisions: Sukla Paksha
(bright half) and Krishna Paksha (dark half). The
moment or point of time, the longitudes of Sun and Moon become exactly the same
or in other words, form an angle of 0° or perfectly conjunct that point marks
the ending moment of the Amabashya or New Moon.
Henceforth, the Moon goes ahead
of the Sun and with increase of distance between them 15 tithis are formed until
the Moon travels to make 180°
angle with the Sun (180°÷12°)=15 tithis (Vedic days). The 15 days period of
Moon’s displacement from the Sun (0° to 180°) is called Sukla Paksha or bright
half as the moon is moving further from the Sun (Waxing Moon).
Henceforth, the
Moon travels ahead towards the Sun; it means the Moon starts moving out from
180° to 360° (another 180° distance) and with completion of each 12° angle with
the Sun 15 tithis are formed until the Moon
again meets the Sun to complete her monthly
cycle of 360° (360° ̶ 180°÷12°=15 tithis) . The period of Moon’s travel
from 180° to 360° is called the Krishna Pakshya or Dark half as the moon is
nearing the Sun (Waning Moon)
.
Difference between Tithi Pravesh and Varsha Parvesh: –
Tithi Pravesh refers to annual return
of a Tithi just as Varsha Pravesh refers to annual solar return. Tithi Pravesh
is the Vedic system based on the Luni – Solar calendar and Varsha Pravesh is
the Tajik system based on annual solar return, i.e. Sun’s return to its natal
sidereal position. Therefore, in this system the important point is the
longitude of the Sun of the natal chart.
On the other hand, in the Tithi Pravesh system
the positional relationship of the Sun and the Moon (the father and the Mother)
or the angular displacement of the Moon from the Sun holds importance. But both
of them serve the same objective: determining the moment of New Year entry and
construction annual chart on the basis of this moment.
Importance of the Tithi Pravesh: –
The development of the concept of
tithi and tithi pravesh with a view to give the mankind a scientific process for measuring time and
linking happenings of life with
time measure is an proposition put forward by the ancient Hindu scholars of astronomy
and astrology. Because of its usefulness, Tithi Pravesh has been inalienable
part of individual, social, and cultural lives of Hindu society since the time
of ancient seers. As the corroborating evidence, the birth dates of Lord Rama,
Lord Krishna, and Ved Vyasa are celebrated on the Tithi Pravesh days. Their
birth dates are mentioned below: –
Lord Rama: – Sukla Navami tithi (the 9th day
of bright half) of the Chaitra montha, the 12 month according to the Luni –
Solar calendar (5114 B.C)
Lord Krishna: – Krishna Astami tithi (the
8th day of the dark half) of Sravana month, the 4th month
according to the Luni – Solar calendar. (3227 BC)
Ved Vyasa: – Purnima tithi (Full Moon
day) in the month of Ashada, the 3rd month according to the Luni –
Solar calendar, (3rd millennium B.C/ 3000 B.C)
Moreover, the celebration dates of all
religious festivals, such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Laxmi puja, Durga puja, and
Deepawali, etc (except Sankrantis), religious rituals such annual Shradhas, and
cultural festivals are decided on the basis of Tithi Pravesh as per the Luni –
Solar calendar. Besides, the date and timings of auspicious moments for
conducting social events such as marriages, first ceremonial feeding to new
born babies and many more things are fixed on the basis of Tithis and
Nakshatras.
Calculation of Tithi
Pravesh: – Tithi Pravesh
means annual entry or return of the tithi. The calculation Method of the annual
Tithi Pravesh is based on three things: – 1) the month in the Luni – Solar
calendar, 2) the Sun sign, and 3) the tithi.
The Sun sign in the zodiac identifies the month according
to the luni – Solar calendar. Therefore, the month and Sun sign at the moment
of birth serve as anchorage for the near
arrival of annual tithi pravesh. Now, the Tithi Pravesh takes place when the
Sun transits the natal sign and the Moon in her movement makes the exact
displacement angle to the Sun as at the moment of birth.
In other words, the
angle made by the Sun and Moon (angular distance) is exactly the same (in
degree, minutes, and seconds) with the angle made by them at moment of birth;
and, that angular displacement of the Moon from the Sun marks the Tithi
Pravesh.
For example: Lord Rama was born on
Sukla Nawami tithi of Chaitra month and the Sun was transiting over Pisces
sign. Now Lord Rama’s annual birth anniversary beginning moment falls when Sun
is transits the Pisces sign and the Moon displaces by 96° from the Sun and that
Nawami tithi continues until the Moon displaces up to 108° from the Sun every
year.
Casting of Tithi Pravesh Chakra (chart): – Tithi Pravesh chart is cast taking
the point of moment as casting moment when the Moon makes the exact
displacement angle to the Sun as that of the natal chart. This is how the time
is selected. The rest of the process is the same as that of casting a natal
chart.
Now a day, a good software does all
the calculation and chart casting work for us in a minute.
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